(Reuters) – Albert Zagitov had barely set up his new
fruit and vegetable stall at the bustling Volga market in the Russian city of Kazan when he was told by a stranger to pack up
and go.
Ponomaryov attends a news conference in Moscow, March 27, 2012. The news conference was dedicated to recent acts of police
brutality in the Republic of Tatarstan, including an incident in Kazan in which a suspect under examination presumably died
after officers sodomized him with a bottle of champagne earlier in March, according to local media. REUTERS/Sergei
Karpukhin
After he refused, he was taken to a police car and driven to a police station where he says four
officers took turns to hit him in the head and chest and threatened to rape him.
“As soon as we sat in the car, they
started behaving very cruelly, swearing at me and calling me names,” said Zagitov, a Russian born in the Tatarstan region of
which Kazan is the capital.
“The threats were real. I was full of fear and in shock that this was happening,” he told
Reuters, his words pouring out quickly as he recalled the events of last July.
He was freed six hours later with an
aching head, battered ribs and a charge of petty hooliganism.
But looking back at the encounter, Zagitov, a
33-year-old father of one, can count himself lucky to have survived.
Last month Sergei Nazarov, an unemployed man of
52, was detained at the same police station on the same charge. The day after his arrest on March 9, Nazarov was taken to
hospital with abdominal pains. He died less than 24 hours later.
Before slipping into a coma, he told relatives he had
been beaten by four police officers and sodomized with a champagne bottle.
His death has caused outrage across Russia
and sparked protests in Kazan, a more than 1,000-year-old city on the Volga River 750 km (470 miles) east of Moscow which
prides itself on tolerance of its diverse ethnic population and many religions.
Police have charged five officers over
the case, and investigators are re-opening previously “closed” cases where complaints were made, including
Zagitov’s.
PROBLEM FOR PUTIN
Nazarov’s death has put the spotlight on police lawlessness and brutality as
Prime Minister Vladimir Putin prepares to start a six-year term as president in May, increasing demands for him to carry out
reforms to strengthen the rule of law that have been demanded during four months of anti-Putin protests.
Angered by
Nazarov’s case, about 100 people chanted “shame on the police” at a protest on a recent Saturday in Kazan’s Freedom Square,
where well-maintained buildings including the regional government’s headquarters look down on a statue of Soviet state
founder Vladimir Lenin.
“Once we learned about what had happened in the Kazan police station, we understood that it
concerned all of us – in Moscow, in Krasnodar, in Chita and Sakhalin,” Lev Ponomaryov, a human-rights campaigner, told the
protesters.
“Because if no one is punished, these crimes will happen in other places. Indeed they are
happening.”
Pop music blared from a dark blue van parked nearby bearing the logo of Putin’s United Russia party, and
about 20 members of a pro-Putin youth movement gathered on another part of the square, hoping to distract attention from the
protest.
Relatives say Nazarov had committed no crime and did not know what the petty hooliganism charge was for
although the police, who have denied mistreating him, said he had been accused of stealing a mobile phone.
The
relatives have dismissed suggestions by the police that he was drunk and disorderly. Contacted by phone, Nazarov’s brother
declined to be interviewed.
TEST CASE
Kazan’s image for tolerance has been badly damaged. The city of more
than 1 million, which was conquered by Ivan the Terrible in the 16th century, has long portrayed itself as an example of
harmony between Muslims, Christians, Russians and Tatars.
The turquoise-tipped minarets of a new mosque and the
16th-century onion-domed cathedral inside Kazan’s white-walled Kremlin are meant to embody this mingling of
cultures.
In the historic city centre, modish coffee bars and a gleaming shopping centre stand alongside mosques and
churches, while the outskirts are dominated by Soviet-era high rise buildings and heavy traffic.
Kazan’s leaders like
to trumpet its independence from Moscow although Putin won 83 percent of votes in the March 4 presidential
election.
Yet the city felt the strong hand of Moscow when federal Interior Minister Rashid Nurgaliyev fired the head
of the city’s Dalny police station where Nazarov and Zagitov were taken into custody and accused officers there of betraying
the force.
In addition to the five officers charged over Nazarov’s case, a federal investigative committee is
examining 28 other complaints against the Kazan police. The allegations include reports of torture such as sexual abuse,
beatings, electric shock treatment and forced confessions for invented offences.
Russia’s Public Chamber, an official
body that analyses draft laws, is examining a book by the regional interior minister, Asgat Safarov, in which he is reported
to advocate using the “most painful methods” to combat organized crime.
Nazarov’s death is seen by human rights
activists as a test case of how far the Kremlin and government are prepared to go to carry out promises to wipe out abuses of
power by the police.
“The issue of police torture has been huge in this country for many years now,” Tatiana Lokshina,
deputy director of the Moscow office of New York-based Human Rights Watch, said.
Only the glare of publicity sets this
case apart from many more across the country, rights activists say.
“This case has attracted so much attention because
the level of brutality, the level of atrocity, is staggering,” Lokshina said.
“The problem has been there for a very
long time. We want to make sure the official rhetoric, triggered by the nightmarish case in Kazan, results in concrete steps
towards improving the current situation.”
TALES OF TORTURE AND ABUSE
Svetlana Kolyakanova recounted how her
brother was “cruelly beaten” and tortured with electric shocks to his genitals, the palms of his hands and soles of his feet,
after being arrested in April last year by Kazan police.
“After we talked to him he cried and told us he could not
take any more. The whole day they had tortured him with electric shocks. He signed all the confessions they wanted him to
sign.”
Irina Muratova, a lawyer representing local victims, said the police used such methods to achieve a 100 percent
crime detection rate.
A Kazan policeman also told a Russian newspaper that the police used special methods to extract
confessions.
“If we know that a person is guilty but we don’t have proof for the court – a gun, a body or other
evidence – then harsher interrogation methods are allowed,” the officer, identified only as Yuri, told Moskovsky Komsomolets
newspaper in an interview.
The alleged ringleader of the abuse with bottles was a veteran of Russia’s war against
separatists in the Chechnya region of southern Russia which had left him with psychological problems, said Pavel Chikov of
human rights group Agora.
Other cases of sexual abuse against officers at the Dalny police station were long ignored,
rights activists say.
Oskar Krylov, a 22-year old administrator, says he was sodomised with a champagne bottle and a
pencil by Kazan police last October but his case was going nowhere before Nazarov died.
“I complained to the courts,
but until Nazarov no one paid any attention,” he told Reuters.
Tatarstan’s investigative committee has long ignored
people’s rights, Igor Vselov, a rights activist, said during the Kazan protest, where people gathered around a three-foot
(metre) high box of complaints to underscore this point.
“The investigative committee of Tatarstan represents the
interests of the government and big business,” he said.
The criticism is not only from the streets. Russia’s deputy
prosecutor general, Sergei Zaitsev, accused Tatarstan’s investigators of “serious shortcomings” at a meeting with the
region’s president and other senior officials on Monday.
His investigations had revealed 66 “hidden” crimes by
police, mostly theft, he told the meeting. He said he had received 417 complaints from citizens, 65 involving
violence.
Contacted for comment, a spokesman for Russia’s Interior Ministry said that an investigation was under way
which would show “what (happened), and who (was involved) and how”.
He added that the Kazan courts were dealing with
suspects, but declined to comment at greater length beyond Nurgaliyev’s public statements. The chief spokesperson for
Tatarstan’s ministry of internal affairs could not immediately be reached, and a subordinate declined to
comment.
MEDVEDEV’S REFORM ATTEMPTS
Dmitry Medvedev, Russia’s outgoing president, introduced a police law in
2010 that sought to tighten standards and weed out violent and corrupt officers.
But critics say the law did little
more than change the name of the force from the Soviet-era “militsiya” to “politsiya” – militia to police.
“More than
two years of reforms have not led to any qualitative changes,” said Natalia Taubina, director of the Public Verdict
Foundation, an organization that offers legal help to victims of human rights abuses by the police.
There have been a
few notable cases of action being taken against the police. The police chief of St Petersburg, Russia’s second city, was
fired this year after a 15-year-old detainee, Mikhail Leontyev, died in police custody.
But official figures show only
4,000 criminal cases were opened against police in 2010 although 125,000 complaints of violations were registered by
Russia’s Interior Ministry.
RALLYING POINT FOR OPPOSITION?
Opposition leaders say demands for police reform
are important for many Russians, and particularly those who took part in anti-Putin protests in Moscow that attracted tens of
thousands of people between December and March.
Although Nazarov’s death has prompted protests in Kazan, Rashit
Akhmetov, one of the protest organizers, said that official pressure had frightened people away. Students, he said, had been
told by their university not to protest.
“But people sitting in their apartments, they don’t sympathize with the
authorities. They sympathize with the people on the streets,” he said.
Putin’s spokesman, Dmitry Peskov, has
dismissed suggestions there will now be a police shake-up. Talk of new police reform was “absurd”, he told current affairs
magazine Itogi.
“It is not worth the government rushing to begin a new reform without completing the last one,” he
said.
But Putin should be careful, opposition groups say, because combating police brutality is one of the issues that
could rally the disparate groups involved in the widespread protests sparked by alleged fraud in December’s parliamentary
election.
“The potential of civil society has grown dramatically in the last few months,” Taubina said.
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“Police reform – qualitative reforms, not cosmetic
reforms – is one point on the agenda that could unite many of these movements that have formed in the past few
months.”
(Reporting by Jennifer Rankin, Editing by Timothy Heritage)