Italy’s President Giorgio Napolitano has chided the politicians who re-elected him, saying he only agreed to it because of a deep political crisis.
He accused them of an “unforgivable” failure to enact reforms.
Mr Napolitano, 87, was speaking as he became the first Italian president to be sworn in for a second term, after parties failed to find a replacement.
Italy still has no government, eight weeks after an exceptionally tight election resulted in a hung parliament.
President Napolitano said that deadlock must not continue, urging political parties to reach a deal on a new government “without delay”.
At times his voice cracked with emotion as he delivered his impassioned speech, says the BBC’s Alan Johnston in Rome.
Mr Napolitano had been hoping to retire at the end of his first term, but was begged to stay on by squabbling party leaders who could not settle on a mutually-acceptable candidate.
“I could not decline, I was worried about the fate of the country,” he told parliament on Monday, to loud applause.
He thanked MPs for their backing, but went on to accuse them of being “deaf” to Italians’ call for change.
And he implied that he might step down if the parties did not implement much-needed reforms.
He accused them of allowing progress that had been achieved under the technocratic government of Mario Monti to wither.
He was particularly critical of the failure to enact changes to an electoral law which is widely seen as flawed.
Mutual animosity
Mr Napolitano called on the party leaders to reach agreement on a broad coalition, saying that was the only option open in the current circumstances.