By Mariam Karouny and Dominic Evans
BEIRUT (Reuters) – Syrian
troops held their fire on Thursday after a U.N.-backed ceasefire deadline passed, giving respite to rebellious towns that
have suffered heavy bombardments, but international envoy Kofi Annan pressed Damascus to pull its forces back
entirely.
during sunrise April 12, 2012. REUTERS/Khaled al-Hariri
“Syria is apparently experiencing a rare moment of calm on the ground,” Annan said in a statement as
he briefed a United Nations Security Council which has been divided along Cold War lines by the 13-month crisis at the heart
of the Middle East.
Western leaders, who share Syrian dissidents’ doubts about Assad’s willingness to engage in a
democratic process that would end his family’s four decades of absolute power, stepped up calls on Russia and China,
veto-wielding bulwarks for Syria in the Security Council, to extend their support for Annan’s six-point peace plan by
joining a united push for negotiations.
Echoing reports from weary opposition activists in some of the most battered
districts of Homs, Hama and Idlib, Annan said: “The cessation of hostilities appears to be holding … This is bringing
much-needed relief and hope to the Syrian people who have suffered so much for so long in this brutal conflict.”
But
he urged the Security Council to demand a full military withdrawal to bolster the extremely fragile truce.
President
Bashar al-Assad’s tanks and infantry are still deployed in cities in defiance of Annan’s plan, state media are accusing
“terrorists” of attacks on troops that might justify retaliation, and rebels are urging demonstrators to test the ceasefire
by massing on the streets on Friday,
Diplomats at the United Nations in New York, who heard Annan brief the 15-nation
world policy body by videolink from Geneva, told Reuters the Council should swiftly mandate the despatch of some 200 unarmed
peace observers to Syria to monitor the truce.
A report on state media that a “terrorist” bomb blasted an army bus and
killed a senior officer in Aleppo after the truce began raised a possibility troops will keep a pledge to hit back. State
media also reported a bomb wounding officers near Idlib and a ruling party member shot dead in Deraa in the south.
The
Syrian government bars access to most independent media.
DEMONSTRATIONS PLANNED
The exile opposition called the
ceasefire “only partially observed” due to the army’s failure to leave the streets and its leader urged a renewal on Friday
of peaceful protests, which have been subdued of late by fear. But he warned those who might take part that they could expect
government forces to open fire.
The Interior Ministry urged rebels to surrender, promising to free those who had not
killed, and broadcast an appeal to the thousands who fled battered cities like Homs and Hama to return from the havens they
found in Turkey, Lebanon and within Syria.
But streets in troubled towns remained nervously empty. An exile opposition
spokeswoman said three people had been killed during the morning by security forces, and dozens more
arrested.
Speaking after the 6 a.m. (0300 GMT) U.N. deadline passed, Abu Rami, an activist in Homs said: “It was a
bloody night. There was heavy shelling on the city … But now it is calm, and there is no shooting.” Assaults on restive
neighbourhoods had become more intense after Assad accepted Annan’s timetable.
Opposition stronghold districts of
Homs were still but deserted. “Snipers, tanks and soldiers are still there. They did not go anywhere. People are wary and
they believe that this ceasefire is only temporary. Nobody is leaving their homes,” said Yazan, an activist in
Homs.
Shops gaped open. The windows of apartment blocks were blank and glassless, curtains drifting in the breeze.
Videos shot from hiding on the upper levels of shattered buildings or through the holes punched in concrete walls by tank
rounds caught Syrian soldiers unawares, looking relaxed as if enjoying the truce.
Government spokesman Jihad Makdissi,
speaking before the report of the bombing of the army bus, said Damascus was “fully committed” to Annan’s success and that
there would be no breach of the ceasefire by the government if the rebels did not attack.
The 13-month crisis has
pushed pressure waves out along faultlines that criss-cross the Middle East, pitting Sunni Arabs against Shi’ite Iran, and
alarming Turkey, whose prime minister on Thursday cited his country’s right to call on its NATO allies to defend a border
where Syrian troops opened fire this week.
OBSERVER MISSION?
Burhan Ghalioun, exile head of the opposition
Syrian National Council (SNC), told Reuters he expected demonstrations on Friday after weekly prayers – a feature of the
revolt that had been subdued by violence in recent months. But he did not trust the authorities who had their “hand on the
trigger”.
“The Syrian people will go out tomorrow in the biggest possible numbers so that the Syrian people can
express their will,” Ghalioun said. “While we call on the Syrian people to protest strongly… we ask them to be cautious
because the regime will not respect the ceasefire and will shoot.”
The Interior Ministry later said – ominously – that
only pre-authorised demonstrations would be permitted by police.
A Norwegian general who has spent the past week in
Damascus discussing a planned U.N. peace observer mission said he was “cautiously optimistic”. But Major-General Robert Mood,
who was briefing Annan in Geneva, told Norway’s NTB news agency: “Both sides are plagued by a very high degree of mutual
suspicion.
“It’s terribly difficult for them to cross that abyss.”
Annan’s plan is for 200 to 250 unarmed
U.N.-mandated observers to monitor the ceasefire. A similar Arab League mission ended in disarray amid mounting violence in
January.
Spokesman Makdissi told the BBC Syria wanted the monitors to start “as soon as possible to monitor any
possible violations”.
Basma Kodmani, a spokeswoman for the SNC in Geneva, said even without monitoring there was ample
video and eyewitness evidence showing troops were still out in force in town centres: “The real test today for us is if
people can go down and demonstrate peacefully,” she said. “This is the reality check.”
Highlighting the wider
international ramifications of the crisis, British Prime Minister David Cameron said Russia and China should take note that
Assad was failing to abide by terms endorsed by the U.N. Security Council to which they belong:
“I feel an immense
sense of frustration because the world has come together behind this Kofi Annan plan,” he told the BBC. “This is a plan,
remember, that is not just backed by those of us who have been pushing for action on Syria, it’s also backed by China and
Russia. And yet Assad is deliberately flouting it.”
In an indication of how the Western leaders who intervened to help
rebels topple Muammar Gaddafi in Libya last year are reluctant to do likewise in Syria, Cameron made it clear that the main
thrust of Western efforts would still be to persuade Moscow and Beijing to accept tighter diplomatic sanctions.
“Now
is the time to say to the Russians and Chinese, look at the man we are dealing with, look at the appalling way he is
behaving,” Cameron said. “We need to go back to the U.N. and tighten the pressure, tighten the noose.”
CHINA HAILS
CEASEFIRE
Russia and China, alarmed by the way last year’s Security Council resolution on Libya led to military
intervention against a sovereign state, have vetoed attempts to penalise Assad, although the United States, European Union
and Arab League have imposed their own economic and political sanctions.
China’s Foreign Ministry called on the
opposition to honour the truce, something the disparate rebel movements have said they are willing to do – although Western
leaders and Annan’s team have made clear the onus is on the government to act first.
Many Syrians were sceptical of
Assad’s intentions, even though many also fear Iraq-style blood-letting among Syria’s mix of religious and ethnic
communities if he were to go.
“The killing hasn’t even started yet,” said Abdullah Kartan, a teacher from Hama now
living in a Turkish refugee camp. “Syrians have made a decision and if three quarters of them have to die, if their houses
have to burn, they will do it to get Assad out. There is no going home until the regime falls.”
“Assad was supposed to
move his tanks before stopping the shooting, but he didn’t because he knows he really will lose control if he does,” Kartan
added, echoing a common view among the opposition that Assad is fundamentally unable to engage in a peace process, since that
would inevitably cost him power.
His forces have killed more than 9,000 people in the past year, according to a U.N.
estimate. Damascus says rebels have killed more than 2,600 soldiers and security personnel.
(Additional reporting by
Louis Charbonneau and Michelle Nichols at the United Nations, Stephanie Nebehay in Geneva, Oliver Holmes and Douglas Hamilton
in Beirut, Michael Holden in London and Balazs Koranyi in Oslo; writing by Alastair Macdonald; editing by Philippa
Fletcher)