By Erika Solomon and Douglas Hamilton
BEIRUT (Reuters) – Syrian artillery hit parts of Homs city and at least five people were killed in clashes around the country on Friday, opposition activists said, as peace envoy Kofi Annan urged President Bashar al-Assad to order his troops stop shooting first.
“The deadline is now,” Annan’s spokesman Ahmad Fawzi said in Geneva. “We expect him to implement this plan immediately.”
Removing any ambiguity about the ceasefire terms of a six-point peace plan that Assad has said he accepts, Fawzi said it was up to the Syrian military to move first and show good faith by withdrawing tanks, big guns and troops from cities.
The plan also requires lightly-armed rebels to stop shooting. But the Free Syrian Army (FSA) has not said whether it accepts Annan’s proposals and political opposition groups have not explicitly endorsed his call for a dialogue with Assad.
The Annan plan “specifically asks the government to withdraw its troops, to cease using heavy weapons in populated centres”, Fawzi said. “The very clear implication here is that the government must stop first and then discuss a cessation of hostilities with the other side and with the mediator.”
An activist calling himself Abu Mohammed said Annan, who is acting on behalf of the United Nations and Arab League, would “need to explain to the FSA what they want and what the conditions are and it will depend on the situation at the time”.
“Let’s not get ahead of ourselves. First we want to see that the bloodbath ends,” he said. If the U.N. plan is adopted and peace monitors are deployed, the opposition could protest peacefully and openly as Egyptians did during their revolt against Hosni Mubarak, he said. “But it’s not going to happen.”
VIOLENCE
The United Nations says Assad’s forces have killed at least 9,000 people in the year-long uprising. The government says around 3,000 soldiers and police have been killed.
ARMY FIRST
Removing any ambiguity about the ceasefire terms of the peace plan Assad has said he accepts, Annan’s spokesman said it was up to the Syrian military to move first and show good faith by withdrawing tanks, big guns and troops from cities.
The Annan plan “specifically asks the government to withdraw its troops, to cease using heavy weapons in populated centres”, Fawzi said. “The very clear implication here is that the government must stop first and then discuss a cessation of hostilities with the other side and with the mediator.”
The plan requires the lightly-armed rebels to stop shooting. But the Free Syrian Army (FSA) has not said whether it accepts Annan’s proposals and political opposition groups have not explicitly endorsed his call for a dialogue with Assad.
Annan is acting on behalf of the United Nations and Arab League. Diplomats say he may ask for a U.N. monitoring mission to oversee implementation of the peace plan.
“Let’s not get ahead of ourselves. First we want to see that the bloodbath ends,” said an activist calling himself Abu Mohammed.
If the U.N. plan is adopted and peace monitors are deployed, the opposition could protest peacefully and openly as Egyptians did during their revolt against Hosni Mubarak, he said.
“But it’s not going to happen.”
CLINTON IN TALKS
U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton met Saudi Arabia’s King Abdullah in Riyadh on Friday to discuss the conflict ahead of a “Friends of Syria” conference with opposition leaders and Arab and Western foreign ministers at the weekend in Istanbul.
Saudi Arabia, with Qatar, has led Arab efforts to press Assad to end his crackdown on the uprising and step aside.
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“The policy options are very limited. The United States is in no position to assist in arming the rebels or to provide any kind of military support for them. So my guess is there will be efforts from the Saudis to coordinate proposals and at least buy time for the rebels,” said former U.S. envoy Robert Jordan.
Syrian dissidents said a military withdrawal – if it happens – would let them return to peaceful mass demonstrations.
“There is nothing happening that can lift people’s spirits, but we’ve reached a stage of no going back, so it doesn’t really matter,” said anti-Assad activist Waleed Fares.
“The real question is if Assad will actually implement Annan’s initiative … That wouldn’t even satisfy the minimum of our demands except that he would have to allow us to protest peacefully without shooting us and shelling our homes.”
Assad’s strongest regional ally, Iran, said 12 Iranian citizens abducted “by Syrian opposition forces” had been released, including five engineers working for Syria’s power plant in Homs who were kidnapped in late December.
Iran’s state IRNA news agency said Syrian “armed gangs” had kidnapped dozens of pilgrims from Iran. In January, Syrian rebels released video of seven men they said were Iranian soldiers captured in Syria.
Iran, meanwhile, is helping Syria beat Western sanctions by providing a tanker to ship Syrian oil to China, netting a potential $80 million. Along with Syria’s big-power ally Russia, China has shielded Assad, vetoing two Western-backed resolutions at the United Nations over the bloodshed.
China is not bound by Western sanctions against Syria.
(Additional reporting by Tom Miles in Geneva, Jessica Donati in London, Dominic Evans in Beirut, Angus McDowall in Riyadh; Writing by Douglas Hamilton; Editing by Alistair Lyon)