Thousands of websites go dark to marshal opposition to federal anti-piracy bills.
Reporting from Los Angeles and Washington— In cutting off access to thousands of websites for a day, the tech industry flexed its political muscle with a don’t-mess-with-the-Web campaign that highlighted its vast reach and how indispensable the Internet has become.
The sweeping blackout to protest federal anti-piracy bills sparked frustration and confusion Wednesday but had its intended effect — disrupting the usual flow of the Internet while mobilizing opposition among online users and lawmakers.
More than 10,000 websites participated in the strike against the Stop Online Piracy Act and the Protect Intellectual Property Act, bills that opponents say could lead to censorship online and force some websites out of business. Some, including Wikipedia, Reddit and Boing Boing, shut down for the day, while others such as Craigslist and Googleprotested by blacking out parts of their sites and urging users to sign online petitions and contact members of Congress.
Shortly after midday, Google said 4.5 million people had signed its petition. Meanwhile, Wikipedia said 5.5 million people had clicked through the blackout message on its home page for information on how to contact their local lawmakers.
We’re pretty staggered by that number,” said Jay Walsh, a spokesman for the Wikimedia Foundation. He said the site was advising users to call lawmakers instead of emailing them after getting reports that congressional inboxes were flooded and servers were facing capacity issues.
The impact of Wednesday’s action raised the possibility of a bigger and broader Internet strike that could lead to a virtual information blackout. The biggest Internet companies such as Google andFacebook did not shut down — they could have lost millions of dollars in advertising revenue — but expressed their support online.
“Technology has grown as a part of our lives and the companies now have something of value that they can withhold in terms of services, which is a shift in the overall political landscape,” said Colin Gillis, a technology analyst at BGC Financial. “Is this spawning a new level of activism? I’d say absolutely yes.”
Despite unprecedented publicity ahead of the strike, many Internet users were caught off guard.
“I support what they’re doing, but to be honest, I would have preferred to see more what Google did: Leave the service available but make a point,” said Burbank resident Robert Rose, 45, who was irritated when he couldn’t access some of his favorite websites. The marketing consultant vented on Twitter, writing “BlackoutWorking.”
With millions flooding Capitol Hill with emails and calls, some supporters of the legislation publicly backed away.
Sens. Orrin G. Hatch (R-Utah), Marco Rubio (R-Fla.) and Roy Blunt (R-Mo.) withdrew as co-sponsors of the Senate bill. Meanwhile, Reps. Lee Terry (R-Neb.) and Ben Quayle (R-Ariz.) said they were pulling their names from the companion House bill. Some other lawmakers also said they would not support the bills, endangering the push to quickly pass the legislation early this year.
Backed by Hollywood and media activists, the two bills aim to crack down on foreign websites that traffic in pirated movies, music and counterfeit goods. But Web companies argue that the proposed legislation is about more than piracy and digital copyright protection. They say the broad language of the bills would thwart free speech online and could stifle the Internet economy, hurt the creative process and drive up legal costs.
“Given the legitimate vocal concerns, it is imperative that we take a step back to allow everyone to come together and find a reasonable solution,” said Hatch, who had been a strong early supporter before the backlash. He called for Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-Nev.) to back off plans to hold a key procedural vote on the bill Tuesday.
Some senators’ websites were inaccessible at times Wednesday. And the House saw double its normal Web traffic, said Dan Weiser, a spokesman for the Office of the Chief Administrative Officer of the House.
In the offices of Rep. Dan Lungren (R-Gold River), the phones were chirping every couple of minutes Wednesday afternoon.
“Every time the phone rings, it’s SOPA,” Lungren spokesman Brian Kaveney said. One staffer answered about 50 calls alone on the issue Wednesday, dutifully writing down each person’s name, ZIP Code and viewpoint, with a promise to forward the information to Lungren.
The office received about 100 calls by midafternoon on SOPA, five times the number of the previous day. Almost all callers opposed the bill, but a few simply sought Lungren’s position. He supports the goals of cracking down on foreign piracy websites but has problems with the legislation and wants to slow down the process.
Internet users also flooded social media sites to urge one another to take action. The protest spread offline too, with hundreds of people joining rallies in San Francisco, New York, Washington and other major cities to voice opposition to the bills.
Supporters of the legislation say the Internet companies are misconstruing the bills and drumming up hysteria that is ill-founded.
“I realize some people are nervous because of misinformation about this bill, but I am confident that ultimately the facts will overcome fears,” said House Judiciary Committee Chairman Lamar Smith (R-Texas), who has been working to address concerns about the bill. “Contrary to critics’ claims, SOPA does not censor the Internet.”
Last week, the Internet companies and online activists persuaded the White House to wade into the dispute. While calling for consensus legislation to stop online piracy by foreign websites, Obama administration officials said they would not support the most controversial provision of the two bills — allowing Internet service providers to block access from the U.S. to foreign piracy sites.
Now President Obama could face backlash from some of his traditional backers in Hollywood over his administration’s stance. Two senior entertainment executives and Obama donors, who declined to speak on the record, said Wednesday that they would not give the president’s reelection effort further financial support because of his position.
Most sites that were blacked out Wednesday contained links to pages with dire warnings, such as Reddit’s: “There are powerful forces trying to censor the Internet.”
Erik Martin, general manager of Reddit, said there were about 30,000 viewers on the social news community at any given time during the site’s 12-hour shutdown.
That was “far less than we usually get,” he said. “But 30,000 people looking at one single page with links to take action is pretty impressive.”
Times staff writers Ben Fritz, Deborah Netburn and Richard Verrier contributed to this report.